Dengue Risk Area

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

One of the endemic diseases, dengur has caused another disaster among other disaster strike Indonesia. Several days ago, Jakarta province has once again declares its Extraordinary State (Kejadian Luar Biasa – KLB) in dengue. Several other areas in Indonesia also face the same threat. KLB was indicated by a significant increase in the number of dengue case in an area, reaching twice or more compared to the same time frame on the previous year. A lot of factors can influence the case, but they can be divided into 2 major group: human factor and environment factor. Using these 2 factors, dengue risk area identification can be conducted. Identifying the areas is expected to optimize the coping mechanism on this particular disease.

Dengue Risk Map Availability
With all the well-planed monitoring activity conducted by related institutions, writer thinks that one of the main objectives of the activity has yet to be achieved. It is deciding dengue prone area. On determining these areas, there will be several classes adopted

• Rawan I (endemic): Village/Kelurahan annually affected in the last 3 years.
• Rawan II (sporadic): affected although not annually within the last 3 years.
• Rawan III (potential): unaffected within the last 3 years, but having dense population and transportation access with other areas,
• Free Zone: unaffected and more than 1000m height from sea surface.

(Source: Ditjen P2M dan PLP, Depkes RI, 1992b).

A risk map with 3 years historical data can be used for long term on developing planning for anticipation. In the other hand, if it was based on daily or weekly data, it will tend to be a monitoring tool which then can be used to predict.

Dengue Risk Map
Dengue risk map is predicted to be more useful than dengue prone map. Dengue risk map will include vulnerability factor extracted from environment condition. There are many factors in environment subject, but we can use the most influential factor which is settlement quality. Settlement quality can reflect socio economic factor whereas lower economic level leads to less capacity to fight dengue. Settlement quality also reflects the quality of the surround environment which is very influential in dengue spread.

Case Study
Multi hazard mapping (flood, fire, and dengue) has been conducted in 3 kelurahan: Kampung Melayu, Cipinang Besar Utara – East Jakarta and Kelurahan Penjaringan – North Jakarta together with local communities and volunteer. The activity was funded by ECHO (European Commission Humanitarian Aid) and Action Contre la Faim, an international NGO based in Paris. The activity was conducted on July 2006 – March Maret 2007. The result has been presented in Jakarta Planning Board and Public Health Office of East Jakarta.

The mapping uses 2 parameters: number of dengue case and settlement quality. Using GIS and satellite imaging for modelling and analysis and scoring for data analysis, the process resulted in 3 different map for each kelurahan.

The study resulted that in all 3 kelurahan, the percentage of dengue risk areas are in mid class *(58 – 68%). In Kampung Melayu, 6.611 people (29% population) live in dengue risk area, while in Cipinang Besar Utara the number are 13.883 people (35%), and last in Penjaringan, 33.604 people (60%).



By identifying which RT/RW in risk area, related institutions or community can are expected to act some prevention activity, such as: fogging, clean community activity, and counselling.

Writer : Eka Rianta
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Transalator : Erma Maghfiroh

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Roadshow Nurul Yaqin Islamic Elementary School

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

Children need to get more attention and protection on disaster. For the youngster, awareness and understanding raising would be much easier to be done through game or other non formal approaches. RW 04, Cipinang Besar Utara is flood prone area. SDI Nurul Yaqin is located in this area. On February 2007 flood this school should postpone their activity for about 3 weeks due to the flood inundated their area up to 180cm high. The physical condition of the school was very modest. It only has 3 classrooms and one office located next to the classroom. This school receives students from low income family as well as orphan transferred from other areas.

Through this activity, it is expected to increase the understanding on teacher as well as students on flood preparedness, and to be able to disseminate flood preparedness message to the community. Approximate 100 students were participated. They come from 1^st grade to 6^th grade.

The event took place at SDI Nurul Yaqin, on May 10^th 2007, 9am to 11am. A movie was played. Students were gathered in one big room. Opening session was filled with introduction and opening question related to flood. It is after that the movie was played. Children pay full attention on the movie. After the movie ended, facilitator raises question related to the content of the movie. Most student answer these questions were from 4^th – 6^th grade. Lower class seems to find it difficult to understand the content of the movie.

In the future, the facilitators are expected to increase their knowledge and skill to be able to give many kinds of method that fits best on targeted audience.

Writer : Martius Marzuki
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Translator : Erma Maghfiroh

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Press Review for April 2007

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

April was begun with widely spread of Dengue epidemic in Jakarta province. As data on April 4th 2007, the number of dengue patients in Tarakan Hospital reached 100 patients /day. In Pasar Rebo Hospital the number of patient has reached 87, way over hospitals capacity limit therefore some of them must used plastic bed. In Fatmawati Hospital, 152 dengue patients recorded. To simplify treatment process, Fatmawati Hospital used colour ID system, red code means the patient require special treatment, yellow code means regular treatment, and green code means the patient is almost recovered and ready to sent back home. On Monday (9/4) the Governor of Jakarta Province, Sutiyoso declared extraordinary occurrence of dengue in Jakarta. Based on data on late March 2007, the number of dengue patient in Jakarta province has reached 4.408 patients, way over the limit of extraordinary occurrence which is 3.107 patients. As tackling efforts, focused fogging will be conducted on 258 kelurahans covering 13.164 hectares. Still on dengue, in Brebes, for the forst 16 weeks of 2007, 198 dengue cases have been found, 15 of them died. In Sukabumi City the number of patient has reached 343 patients. While from Bandung City, since the beginning of the year until April 27th 2007, 2.879 persons have been infected by dengue. In Bekasi, for the last 4 month, 11 dengue patients have died.

For Avian Influenza or also known by bird flu, according to data on Public Communication Centre of Health Department, up to date the number of infected patients in Indonesia has reached 92 persons, 72 of them died. In Central Java, a patient, S (29) died on Thursday (5/4) were confirmed to be infected by AI virus. One thousand and four hundred ducks were culled in Gilimanuk, Bali. These ducks and fowls were sent illegally. In Bandung, one AI suspect patient died (16/4). A one year old baby on high fever after having numbers of chicken died instantly in his environment, have been brought to Sulianti Saroso Hospital.

Other disease threaten Indonesia on April are Leukaemia which still become a major threat for children, anthrax killed 8 people in East Nusa Tenggara, extraordinary occurrence of Chikunguya in Ponorogo following high increase in number victim to reach 293 in 2007 only, malaise killed 4 person on West Nusa Tenggara with 49.6% of total population in Indonesia are in risk as they are living in risk area, tuberculosis frighten pregnant woman while government finds it difficult to fund the activity to control the spread of tuberculosis since Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaise has stopped since last March.

In Serang, for the first 4 months of the year, at least 8 children have died due to malnourished. Still on malnutrition issue, an international organization, Oxfam GB collaborates with local NGO and community has pioneered Farm and Integrated Nutrition Field School in Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The objective is to reduce the number of malnutrition on child under five which now has reached 32 – 50% in East Nusa Tenggara. Poverty has also haunt East Nusa Tenggara, causing thousands of school-age children were forced to drop out. Drought on East Nusa Tenggara caused 37.235 people in 5 sub districts now in food crisis level. Food crisis also happened in 4 regencies in South Sulawesi.

Disaster still occurs. Flood in Arso, Papua inundated hundreds of houses. In Belu, East Nusa Tenggara flood is still in 1 meter height by Tuesday (3/4). Dayeuhkolot - Baleendah Bandung were also flooded which suspected to be flash flood. Flash flood in Grobogan has carried away 4 houses, destroyed 7 houses, and damaged 78 houses. The biggest river in Indonesia, Bengawan Solo, was overflowed, flooding thousands of houses surrounding, 49 villages in 19 sub district in Bojonegoro were flooded.

Storm hits Yogyakarta and hits tens of houses of earthquake victims Saturday afternoon (7/4). Storm also hits Bogor and Panimbang Sub district, Pandeglang Regency. Tens of houses were severely damaged and 1 person was badly injured as the roof has crashed him. Still in Pandeglang, thunder hits on Tuesday (10/4) afternoon and killed 3 person instantly, injured 4 other person, and shocked 2 other. In Deli Serdang, 86 houses, 2 religious centres, and 1 tower of PT Telkom were damaged, hit by storm.

Landslide on 3 villages in Cibinong Sub district and 2 villages in Cikadu Sub district has forced 2.200 families displaced. In Tarbateng Village, Boyolali, Central Java, torrential rain and landslide has killed one person. Other 50 families in East Java were isolated because the only road access was buried by landslide. The disconnection also happened in Flores path, connecting Ende and Maumere City.

Positive news heard as the new tsunami detector equipment made by Technology Application Body are being installed in Hindia Ocean, 160 mile from Merak Port on Wednesday (11/4). Meteorology and Geophysics Board will take role as the integrator on detected data analysis. Meanwhile, Vice President assigns Coordination Minister of Social Welfare, Aburizal Bakrie to prepare the establishment of National Board of Disaster Management as mentioned on Disaster Management Bill (9/4).

In North Jakarta, land and vegetation corrosion on coastal areas has become worse. Mangrove forests are decreasing. Organic and heavy metal waste on Bangka Belitung islands has caused 15 rivers no longer save to consume. Fire happened on high density area on Kelurahan Penjaringan. No casualties reported, although several people were injured.

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Multi Risk Mapping

(Baca versi Bahasa Indonesia)

Lack of data and information especially for disaster map, insufficient knowledge of community about their own areas, are part of reasons why ACF decided to conduct Multi Risk Mapping consist of Flood, Dengue and Fire which have been the most dominant problem in Jakarta.

The objectives of this activity are to determine multi risk area in Kampung Melayu, Cipinang Besar Utara, and Penjaringan, and counting the number of population in those areas. The use of this activity is to informed Kelurahan and community which area are fthe high risk areas, to be an input in planning and decision making process, and to increase the awareness and preparedness.

This mapping process used Geographical Information System (GIS) and Satellite Imaging and field checking to collect primary data. Secondary data and reference were also used. The analysis process used grading, scoring, and GIS analysis.

The parameters and variable used in this activity have been processed and used properly to yields accurate and long term used map.

These parameters are:
Flood Risk
1. Contour Map (hazard)
2. River Overflow Area (vulnerability)
3. The existence of permanent dike (capacity)
4. The existence of water pump (capacity)
5. Materials/ Quality of building and housing (vulnerability)
Fire risk:
1. Land use (vulnerability)
2. Building density (vulnerability)
3. Materials/ Quality of building and housing (vulnerability)
4. The width of alley for fire extinguisher car (capacity)
5. Source of water in case of fire (capacity)
6. Distance to fire brigade post (capacity)
Dengue Risk:
1. Address of Dengue victims (hazard)
2. The quality of housing (vulnerability)

The results of this activity are thematic map and number of affected population in the multi risk mapping areas. The map is made in several size based on the actual area of Kelurahan. It is 1 : 2.000 in Kampung Melayu, 1 : 2.500 in, Cipinang Besar Utara, and 1 : 6.000 in Penjaringan.

Maps produced are:
- Land use Map
- Flood Risk Map
- Fire Risk Map
- Dengue Risk Map
- Multi Risk Mapp

Multi risk levels in these 3 areas are quite high ranging in 38% to 58%. Multi risk level in Penjaringan are 58 %, Kampung Melayu 50%, and Cipinang Besar Utara 38%. 11.131 people in Kampung Melayu (50% population) are in multi risk area), spread in 53 RT. In Cipinang Besar Utara 15.009 people (38,3% population), spread in 5 RW living in multi risk areas. In Penjaringan 32.621 people (58% population) spread in 10 RW, living in multi risk area.

The result of this multi risk mapping process have been presented in Jakarta Planning Board Office at February 1st 2007 attended by Jakarta Planning Board, Coordination and Implementation Unit Jakarta, Public Order and Community Protection Office, Public Work Office, Fire Brigade Office, East Jakarta Public Health Unit, North Jakarta Health Unit, East Jakarta Land and Mapping Unit, North Jakarta Land and Mapping Unit, Head of Kelurahan and Community Representative form 3 Kelurahan. Another presentation also conducted in East Jakarta Public Health Unit on April 3rd 2007 on request. In attempt to get feedback and input, aside from presentation, direct interview was also conducted with related office and unit. The final result of this process will be disseminated to related institutions.

For complete report (available in Bahasa only), please contact ACF.

Writer : Eka Rianta
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Translator : Erma Maghfiroh

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