Meeting of Kelurahan Board of Penjaringan

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

Indonesian Law Number 34 Year 1999 about Government Structure on Capital City of Jakarta mandates the existence of Kelurahan Board on each Kelurahan. This law then further explained by Provincial Law Number 5 Year 2000 about Kelurahan Board which then followed up by Jakarta’s Governor Decree Number 3 Year 2001 about Procedure and Requirement for the Selection of Kelurahan Board.

According to Provincial Law Number 5 Year 2000, Kelarahan Board is a consultative representative of Rukun Warga (RW) as instrument for participatory involvement of community in the government as a manifestation of democracy in Kelurahan level.

Approaching 1 year after the inaguration, Kelurahan board in Penjaringan for year 2006 – 2011 doesn’t have work plan yet. On the request of the chairman of Kelurahan Board, ACF held training on how to develop work plan for Kelurahan Board member.

The objective of the training is to facilitate Kelurahan Board’s work plan development and to socialize the 2007 Musrenbang (Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan). As a result of the training, Kelurahan Board is expected to understand their work scope and having enough skill and information to be able to defend their argument on the musrenbang process.

The training was held on April 14^th 2007 and followed 17 participants, consist of 16 Kelurahan Board members and 1 UPK-MK member.

Session 1. Kelurahan Board’s Commitment.
This session results an agreement on Kelurahan Board’s Commitment, as follows "We are representative of the community trusted to bridge the aspiration, to become the servant and the implementer of the community empowerment programme in Kelurahan level."

The commitment was written on the canvas and signed by all participants.
Session 2.Work Plan Development.
The work plan were developed based on SMART criteria (Spesific, Measurable, Achieveable, Reasonable, Time-bound)

Session 3. Follow up Plan, Musrenbang as planning medium.
This session result an agreement on Kelurahan Board to dig further problems in community and addressing these problems in the next Kelurahan development budget of 2008.

Writer : Arde Wisben
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Translator : Erma Maghfiroh

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Field Visit to Green Village Banjarsari, South Jakarta

(Baca versi Bahasa Indonesia)

Banjarsari village in West Cilandak, South Jakarta has been appointed by Provincial Government of Jakarta as excursion village in South Jakarta. Pioneered by Mrs. Harini Bambang, Banjarsari citizen has created a green environment and full of tree. Mrs. Harini Bambang in Banjarsari is the same person mentioned in the previous article. Every house is decorated by flowers, medication trees, and trees. Felt leafy and cool.

Aside from its green environment, the neighbourhood are also clean. Straggled waste was unseen. Every alley has colourful garbage can, green for organic waste, yellow for inorganic waste, and red for dangerous waste. This green village has delivered Kalpataru reward (a reward given to people who has contributes in conserving environment) for Mrs. Harini and one of Jakarta’s best houses for Mrs. Nina on year 2000.

ACF invites women group (PKK) of Penjaringan to visit Banjarsari village in order to grow the awareness and spirit to do the same thing for their neighbourhood.
Twenty eight member of PKK joined this visit. They come from RW 03, RW 08, RW 017, 4^th Working Group of PKK Penjaringan and member of Posyandu.
The group from Penjaringan arrived at Banjarsari at 9.30 am. Mrs. Harini greeted all participants directly. After short introduction, Mrs. Harini explained the importance to create clean environment as it is closely related to the health of citizen. She also share her experience in waste management, waste recycled process, and waste reduction efforts.

There are 4 efforts to avoid pile of waste, they are: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Replant. At the end of the session, a plant was given as reward for one of the participants which are actively giving question.
The second note speaker was Mrs. Siska. She explained various medicine trees. This session interest most of participants because plenty of new information was received. Most of the trees were found near their houses, but they did not realize the name and the use of those trees.
Right before lunch break, the group were receiving a lesson about recycled waste from Mr. Iwan. There are plenty of item that never thought to be able to be used after. Mr.Iwan shows plenty of examples. He also explained how to make recycled paper.
After lunch, the group was guided to take a tour around Banjarsari village and visit Mrs. Nina’s house which was appointed as the best green house in Jakarta
Finishing the tour, the group came home with plenty of new information and experience which expected to brings changes to their own environment.

Writer : Arde Wisben
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Translator : Erma Maghfiroh

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NTT (part 5)

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

GENERAL OVERVIEW
NUTRITION AND FOOD SECURITY
ACCESS TO WATER
RECOMMENDATION

PICTURES FROM NTT

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NTT (part 4)

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia

GENERAL OVERVIEW
NUTRITION AND FOOD SECURITY
ACCESS TO WATER

Recommendations

The population of the two assessed districts is affected by a large number of natural and structural constraints. Life conditions of the population are not only far below the national standards, but do not even reach some of the SPHERE standards, usually applied for refugee camps. Obvious efforts are being made by both central and local governments to halve poverty in NTT, but they might be insufficient to improve the situation on the short term. Action Contre la Faim hence considers a mid-term intervention in NTT as necessary.

Recommendation for TTS
ACF has identified chronic malnutrition as the main problem in TTS, with serious risks of sudden degradation of the chronic food insecurity, affecting in turn the overall nutrition situation. Based on the Conceptual framework of the causes of malnutrition and mortality ACF has identified three underlying causes of the chronic malnutrition affecting TTS:

• Unbalanced/irregular diet related to limited access to food (low and not diversified production), poor nutritional knowledge
• Chronic poverty linked with low incomes capacities; poor access to market, low production, exhaustion of alternative sources of income
• High prevalence of water-related diseases

To tackle these causes, ACF recommend the three following axis of intervention:

• The food production sector will be strengthened trough agricultural support to most vulnerable families.
• The economical sector will be strengthened trough the development of incomes generating activities.
• Improve in a sustainable way the water access and/or quality, and the hygiene knowledge and practices

In addition, ACF recommends that all activities should be accompanied by workshops and training targeting both civil society bodies and governmental authorities in order to make them as sustainable as possible, and maximize the local capacity building.

Recommendation for Alor
Four potential axes of intervention may be developed in the future. Those axes were already identified during the first assessment done in 2006 and confirmed during the comprehensive assessment of early 2007.

• To secure the production of staple food through enhancing crop diversification and rehabilitating fertility of the soils
• To improve productivity and profitability of cash crop productions
• Identification of constraints faced by the fishing sector and solutions to tackle some of its limits
• To reduce risks and prevalence of water-related diseases, and more generally to reduce risks of infant morbidity and/or mortality

In addition, ACF recommends the implementation of further assessments in South West area of Alor and East and South of Pantar Island, since these areas were highly vulnerable in terms of water according to some of the stakeholders met in Alor, but could not be assessed because of lack of time.

PICTURES

Writer : FoodSec and Watsan Department
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Translator : Erma Maghfiroh

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NTT (part 3)

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

GENERAL OVERVIEW
NUTRITION AND FOOD SECURITY

ACCESS TO WATER

NTT is acknowledged in Indonesia for having poor water resources, first because of low and irregular precipitations, and second because of the limited productivity of the local aquifers. Low permeability of the rock composing the soil prevents the storage of underground water. Long periods of drought, followed by suddenly high precipitation, limit the penetration of water in the ground. Erosion, naturally caused by wind and rain, but worsened by on-going deforestation and slash-and-burn agriculture, is also significantly reducing the availability of underground water. Great differences were observed in term of availability of water resources between Alor and TTS, which can be partly explained by litho-logical and hydro-geological variations, but also by variation in rainfall, and different level of investment in water supply infrastructures.

Access to drinking and hygiene water
Sources of water for drinking and hygiene in TTS and Alor are usually the same. Private or public, open shallow wells are the most widespread type of water point (35%), especially in the southern coastal areas. A third of them are unlined. Springs are also very numerous (30%). They are often connected to a pipe water network, since 10% of the people interviewed take water from a tap supplied by gravity from a spring. 10% of the people rely on river as their main drinking water point.

In TTS, low water access for drinking and hygiene is a main concern for the population, even during the rainy season. Water points are very sensitive to change of seasons, easily becoming dry in summer, and turbid in rainy season. Most of the water access indicators are below the emergency Sphere standards:
The average distance between the HH and the water points is 710m not taking into account the often high altitude difference and the steep and dangerous access.
Due to both difficult access and low yield of the water points, it takes in average for the people one hour to go to the water point, to fetch water and to bring it back to their home using jerrycans. Households spend an important amount of time and energy to fetch water everyday, which can be considered as a limiting factor for socio-economical development.
The average quantity of water consumed per person and per day for hygiene and drinking is 14L/p/d. This quantity of water probably decreases a lot in dry season.
Water access indicators in the area visited of Alor are better. However, water in the visited villages of Alor was often available through GFS newly built by the government, which will soon stop functioning due to bad design, absence of maintenance and lack of spare parts. Even with a better access, the quantity of water consumed per person and per day in Alor is as low as in TTS, which is a sign of lack of HH hygiene.

If more water was available, the majority of people (60%) mentioned that the main benefit for them would be an increase of income through development of kitchen gardening, and 15% an increase of the quantity of water used for HH hygiene.

Access to irrigation water and vegetable cultivation
In TTS, very few HH have a kitchen garden. The ones observed were very small (a few m²), and only rain-fed. This absence of irrigation has several reasons:
Scarcity of water resources, often not even sufficient to cover the drinking and hygiene water needs.
Some people are obviously not used to irrigate their field, even when water is available.
Lack of arable land availability around the productive springs, often located far from the villages, and with steep access.

Possibilities to cultivate vegetable during rainy season are not widespread because of the scarcity of arable land: corn being the main source of food for the people, almost all land available during the rainy season is used to grow it. Kitchen gardens in the visited areas of Alor are slightly more numerous than in TTS, but they were in general far bigger. If a majority of them are still rain-fed, irrigation is also significant. However, it was observed in the villages of the south coast that even if water was available from river or wells nearby houses, very few vegetable could be grown, due to the bad quality of soil, bad chemical/physical property of the underground water and a lack of knowledge of the people regarding vegetable cultivation.

Drinking water for cattle.
Households usually have a few chickens and pigs, and goats for the richest. In TTS, cows can also be found, which is very rare in Alor. A significant quantity of the water resources and population’s physical energy is hence used to fetch water for their cattle, and the scarcity of water in summer was often presented by the villagers as a limiting factor for cattle breeding development.

Planned water and sanitation program in TTS and Alor in the coming years
A significant number of water and sanitation projects are planned to be implemented by various actors the in the coming years. For example, two to five Gravity Fed Systems projects will be financed by PPK for the coming years in each of the two districts. A new World Bank funded project, called PAMSIMAS, has started in January 2007, and plan to cover tens of villages in TTS (Alor is also targeted, but the project seems to experience delays there). The GTZ project “Pro-Air” plans the construction of 15 pipe networks in TTS before 2008, and 6 in Alor.

RECOMMENDATIONS
PICTURES

Writer : FoodSec and Watsan Department
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Translator : Erma Maghfiroh

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NTT (part 2)

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

GENERAL OVERVIEW

Main Findings on Nutrition and Food Security
More than 85% households access their food from their own agriculture production (corn, cassava and leafy vegetables) and from market. Markets are important sources of food, especially during food shortage period. About 48% of household expenditure is dedicated to food consumption. Main types of food purchased in markets are rice, vegetables and fish. However, because of limited incomes, the food purchased is rarely diversified.

Limitation in food production and cash generation put a strain on access to food. For instance, in Alor, the average nutrition intake is estimated to 1,540 kcal, which is lower as compared to the national standard i.e. 2,058 kcal.

The main staple food consumed in the assessed areas is corn and rice. Aside from staple food, few leafy vegetables such as cassava and papaya leafs are also consumed regularly. Other types of food are added occasionally when available, such as vegetables (sweet potatoes, cabbage, green pumpkins, egg plant…) or fruits (banana, papaya, coconut…). Their low consumption is not sufficient to meet daily requirement in micronutrients. Due to income limitation and poor nutritional knowledge, only few households consume meat, eggs, legumes or dairy products.

Food shortage period is locally perceived as the period of time when corn stocks at household level are depleted. The usual food shortage period is from August until March. During this period, families use several coping mechanisms to fulfill their food needs.

There is no recent comprehensive survey on the province’s nutritional status. However, from analyzing secondary data, prevalence of chronic malnutrition appears to be high and the overall nutritional status precarious. It can quickly deteriorate in case of outbreak of waterborne disease or when the food production/income generation is disrupted by adverse factors (drought, pest, etc)

The Ministry of Health collects weight/age measurement data through the posyandu /puskemas systems. They report about 39% of underweight with 107 000 cases (severe and moderate) for 2006 in NTT. All the 16 districts of NTT are affected by malnutrition, and TTS presents the highest number of cases.

At household level, several factors, closely connected to structural poverty, increase the risk of chronic malnutrition:

• Low family income: less than 200,000 IDR per month in average,
• Unsustainable livelihood (source of income): highly depending on cash crops (harvested once a year and sensitive to climate changes),
• Livestock is not used as source of daily food consumption, but is used instead for traditional ceremonies,
• Undiversified diet: legumes are less popular for consumption today than a decade ago,
• Lack of care from the mothers to their children, lack of knowledge of the mothers regarding nutrition and health,
• Poor sanitation facilities,
• Low quantity of water available/used for household and body hygiene
• Lack of knowledge on irrigation water use.
• Low education level.

These structural factors are now getting combined with more recent issues:< Increasing rice price: due to conjuncture factors, rice price has increased by 30% in 2006. The moderate El Nino event in late 2006 greatly impacted agriculture activities. Delay of planting followed by low rainfalls in early 2007 made farmers fearing harvest failures in 2007.

ACCESS TO WATER
RECOMMENDATION
PICTURE

Writer : FoodSec and Watsan Department
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Translator : Erma Maghfiroh

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NTT (part 1)

(Baca Versi Bahasa Indonesia)

Water and Sanitation and Food Security Department were conducting assessment on Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) on Jan/Feb 2007. The assessment result can be summarized as follow.

General Overview of the Area Assessed
The total population in TTS is 420,798 people or 98,202 households; while the population of Alor is 174,608 people or 39,228 households. Population density is quite low in both districts i.e. 102 inhabitants per km² in TTS and 60 inhabitants per km in Alor.

The population of NTT province is composed by many tribes, each tribe having a specific language and culture. The majority of the TTS and Alor population is of Christian obedience. Religious leaders also play a major role within communities. Traditional and religious leaders are central stakeholders of the community, in addition of the local officials. Collision of interests among those leaders may disharmonize communities and hinder community mobilization.

The topography of both districts assessed, either in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) or Alor, is characterized by steep hillsides and narrow coastal plain. About 30% of the area present slope of more than 40° gradient. These conditions constraint agricultural activities, economic development, and more generally access. NTT is largely prone to natural disasters:

• Drought
• Landslide, strong winds, floods and flash-floods
• Earthquake occurred in Alor in 2004
• Pest

In general, road accesses in TTS and Alor are far below national standards, which can be explained by both the limited investment in public infrastructures and the difficult topography made by a succession of steep hills, landslide-prone in the rainy season. Roads follow most of the time the hill crest, villages stretching along them.

In TTS, most of the roads between villages are made with asphalt, and, even if they are poorly maintained, access is possible all year round. Nevertheless, the assessment team identified a few villages which could not be accessed by car. Cost of public transport is high according to local standards but still affordable.

In Alor, apart from one or two roads linking Kalabahi to few other main towns, road conditions are terrible. Most of roads between villages are not asphalted, and consist in clayey tracks, often very steep, which make access to many rural villages very difficult, dangerous and even impossible in rainy season. The whole southern coast is not accessible at all by car, only by boat for the villages located right on the coast, while inland villages are accessible only through several hours of difficult walk from the shore. Cost of public transportation is extremely high.

In TTS, the villages visited were systematically covered by a basic electrical network, supply electricity only by night. In Alor, most villages visited did not have any public electricity supply, apart from the sub-district capitals. On the other hand, numerous villages visited had been covered by a massive distribution of household solar panels by a local NGO in 2004, which had a highly positive impact.

At least one elementary school can be found in each village, but this good coverage should be balanced by the questionable quality of the education provided. On the contrary, higher education establishments are quite limited within rural sub-districts and mainly found in the sub-districts’ capital. Access to higher education is therefore hindered by income and distance constraints.

The usual catchments area of traditional markets covers between 2 to 4 villages. In addition to markets, some kiosks or small shops can be found at village level selling basic items and buying cash crops.

Generally, the main constraints for market development in Alor and TTS are limited number of traders and buyers, low buying capacities from the villagers due to low income, and topographic constraints. In addition, limited market channels makes products commercialization, either agriculture production or handicrafts (weaving), more difficult.

NUTRITION AND FOOD SECURITY
ACCESS TO WATER
RECOMMENDATION
PICTURES

Writer : FoodSec and Watsan Departmen
Editor : Erma Maghfiroh
Translator : Erma Maghfiroh

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